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Canonical Partition Function

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partition_function_(statistical_mechanics)

http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail?csnumber=31894

\(Z = \sum_r e^{-\frac{E_r}{kT}}\), where the sum is over all quantum states consistent with given energy, volume, external fields, and content, \(E_r\) is the energy in the \(rth\) quantum state, \(k\) is the Boltzmann constant, and \(T\) is thermodynamic temperature.

A "Canonical Partition Function" applies to a canonical ensemble, in which the system is allowed to exchange heat with the environment at fixed temperature, volume, and number of particles.

Z